All financial activity on blockchains can be broken down into a series of send or receive transactions. This is true of swap, borrow, lend, stake, interest payment, etc. All financial interactions can be broken down into a series of send and receive transactions.
Receiving transactions are free. No costs incurred to the recipient.
Sending transactions typically has two costs: gas fees and counterparty fees. Gas fees refer to the fees paid to miners to incentivize them to pick up your transaction and add it to their block before it is hashed. Counterparty fees refer to the fee charged by the platform facilitating the transaction. This could be a Decentralized exchange (DEX), Centralized Exchange (CEX), Lending platform, borrowing platform, staking platform etc. Typically, these platforms have two ways of levying fees: an in-built spread into the price of the transaction, and an additional transaction fee (usually a percentage of the transaction). Loch identifies the gas fees and the counterparty fees incurred by a portfolio.